More than 860 000 new cases of liver cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year and hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common form, as well as one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. This is a particularly complex disease as it occurs in four distinct subtypes, each with its own genetic alterations and molecular characteristics.

Until now, research has come up against a considerable hurdle: the lack of experimental models capable of faithfully reproducing such complexity. This limitation significantly hinders the development of new treatments as it’s not possible to predict how different patients will respond to drugs, thereby impeding progress towards more personalised therapies.

Now, a promising solution has been offered by new study,

The skin of an adult human being measures about 1.5 square metres and weighs approximately four kilos for an average-sized individual. It’s not only the largest organ in our body but is also our first major protective barrier, defending the body from bacteria, harmful chemicals and extreme temperatures. But what do its physical well-being and resilience depend on? A new study from Spain’s National Centre for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC) has revealed that the immune system may play a key role.

In this latest edition of News from the Lab, CaixaResearch researcher Andrés Hidalgo and “la Caixa” Foundation fellow Tommaso Vicanolo explain their new finding,

Long before the first robot hoover existed, the laws that would shape its relationship with humans had already been imagined. Almost a century before Sputnik 1 became the first artificial satellite in history, someone had dreamt it up in the pages of a book. Even cloning and the ‘de-extinction’ of species were conceived in the mind of a writer before science labs. Throughout history, science fiction has fuelled the imagination of researchers on countless occasions, driving advances that have come to change the world.

The laws of robotics in Isaac Asimov’s I, Robot (1950), space flight in Jules Verne’s From the Earth to the Moon (1865) and genetic engineering in H.G.

As defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO), health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Health also lies in vaccines and advances in immunotherapy, in improvements in the living conditions of families, mothers and newborns, and in the search for cures for Alzheimer’s disease. And health also takes shape in any research that pushes the boundaries of knowledge, in all those scientific challenges that help us to find the solutions that transform the future and improve people’s lives.

As part of World Health Day, we explore the key role played by scientific excellence in the face of great biomedical challenges.

Tuberculosis is one of humanity’s oldest infectious diseases and the one that has caused the most deaths throughout history. In the last 200 years alone, it has claimed the lives of more than a billion people and is still the most lethal infectious disease today.

To address this major global health challenge, more and more progress is being made in prevention, diagnosis and treatment. The only vaccine available for the disease was developed in 1921 but there are currently 14 new vaccine candidates under clinical development, getting closer to being tested on humans.

There are social, economic and scientific challenges to eradicating tuberculosis but also promising advances that offer hope for the future.