In this month’s instalment, science and artistic creation embark on the same journey from shadow to light.

This month’s Snapshot emerges from deep shadow, evoking Odilon Redon’s iconic noir drawings (black-and-white works characterised by dense, diffuse, dreamlike and unsettling forms), prior to his subsequent transition towards colour and light. Similarly, the image from this scientific study first dwells in the shadow of tumour spheres to, through the impact of blue light, activate a photosensitiser drug that goes on to act on these resistant cells and unfold the true ‘scientific work’.

We’ve adopted two approaches to examine this intersection of perspectives between art and science in this innovative photopharmacological study.

An HIV infection attacks the immune system of those affected. Although HIV can now be effectively treated and prevented through antiretroviral therapy, there’s still no cure that’s fully applicable and accessible for the general population. That’s why finding a definitive cure remains one of the greatest challenges facing modern medicine. 

Nevertheless, there are cases that offer a glimmer of hope regarding this goal, namely patients who’ve achieved viral remission after undergoing a stem cell transplant to treat haematological cancer. To further our knowledge in this area, the international consortium IciStem, coordinated by IrsiCaixa (a leading research center for research on infections and immunity), has spent over a decade monitoring 40 people with HIV who’ve received this kind of transplant.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that progressively destroys the neurons responsible for movement. As it advances, patients gradually lose their ability to move, speak, eat and even breathe.

There’s currently no cure and the available treatments only manage to slow the progression of the disease slightly. Developing new therapies is therefore one of the major challenges facing biomedical research today.

With this aim in mind, the team led by Ana Martínez and Carmen Gil at CSIC’s Margarita Salas Biological Research Centre has spent years studying TDP-43, a protein that’s altered in over 97% of ALS patients and is closely linked to the disease’s progression.

• His Majesty the King has inaugurated the new CaixaResearch Institute in an official ceremony attended by the President of the Government of Catalonia, Salvador Illa; the Minister of Health, Mónica García; the Spanish Government Delegate in Catalonia, Carlos Prieto; and the Chairman of the ”la Caixa” Foundation, Isidro Fainé.
• With an investment of 100 million euros, the new research centre will have 20,000 m² dedicated to immunology and is expected to host 500 professionals, 425 of whom will be scientists. Conceived as a space for collaborative creation with a cross-disciplinary approach, the institute aims to bring its discoveries from the laboratory to patients in the form of more precise diagnostics and better therapies.

In 2024, 1.3 million people contracted HIV, 40.8 million were living with the virus, and 630,000 died from AIDS-related illnesses. These figures are in addition to the 92.3 million people in total who’ve been infected since the start of the pandemic, according to estimates. 

More than forty years have passed since the first cases were detected and, although steady progress has been made, we still can’t class HIV as a disease of the past.

So what have we learned after four decades of fighting HIV? What stigma does it carry today? Which scientific challenges remain to be solved? And what social transformations are essential to envisage an AIDS-free future?