{"id":8146,"date":"2024-03-13T10:43:54","date_gmt":"2024-03-13T09:43:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/?p=8146"},"modified":"2024-03-19T09:17:52","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T08:17:52","slug":"comprendre-la-neurobiologia-de-la-presa-de-decisions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/comprendre-la-neurobiologia-de-la-presa-de-decisions\/","title":{"rendered":"Comprendre la neurobiologia de la presa de decisions"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Cada dia, el nostre cervell s\u2019enfronta a una allau d\u2019est\u00edmuls procedents del m\u00f3n exterior. Enmig d\u2019aquest bombardeig es manifesta una de les caracter\u00edstiques m\u00e9s impressionants de l\u2019evoluci\u00f3 del cervell: la capacitat d\u2019ordenar una gran quantitat d\u2019informaci\u00f3 i de centrar-se en el que \u00e9s emocionalment important. \u00c9s un proc\u00e9s que es pot comparar amb un mecanisme intern de classificaci\u00f3, mitjan\u00e7ant el qual el cervell assigna un \u00absegell\u00bb positiu o negatiu als diferents est\u00edmuls.<\/span><\/p>\n

Per\u00f2, com aconsegueix el nostre cervell portar a terme aquesta maniobra de classificaci\u00f3?<\/span><\/p>\n

Durant la Setmana Mundial del Cervell, entrevistem la investigadora CaixaResearch <\/span>Ana Jo\u00e3o Rodrigues<\/b><\/a>, de l\u2019Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Vida e Sa\u00fade (ICVS) de la Universidade do Minho (Portugal). L\u2019<\/span>Ana es dedica a desxifrar els misteris dels sistemes de recompensa i aversi\u00f3 del cervell<\/b>. El seu objectiu \u00e9s comprendre com influeixen aquests sistemes sobre les nostres decisions di\u00e0ries i esclarir els mecanismes subjacents a trastorns com la depressi\u00f3 i l\u2019addicci\u00f3. Hi hem parlat per con\u00e8ixer m\u00e9s a fons les seves investigacions i l\u2019impacte que poden arribar a tenir en el futur.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Com classifica el cervell aquests est\u00edmuls i com afecta aquesta classificaci\u00f3 al nostre comportament?<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n

\u00abEls est\u00edmuls positius indueixen plaer i recompensa, mentre que els est\u00edmuls negatius generen aversi\u00f3, i aix\u00f2 condueix a comportaments molt diferents\u00bb, explica l\u2019Ana. Aix\u00ed doncs, les respostes als est\u00edmuls positius estan caracteritzades per una <\/span>cerca<\/span><\/i>, mentre que les reaccions als est\u00edmuls negatius es caracteritzen per una <\/span>evitaci\u00f3<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abEl cervell \u00e9s com una orquestra sofisticada, que utilitza les seves complexes xarxes per classificar la informaci\u00f3 com a positiva o negativa. Algunes regions importants del nostre cervell, com l\u2019am\u00edgdala, ajuden a comprendre les emocions, mentre que l\u2019escor\u00e7a prefrontal interpreta informaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s complexa i \u00e9s la responsable de la presa de decisions.\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00abEn aquesta orquestraci\u00f3 \u00e9s crucial el nucli accumbens, una regi\u00f3 del cervell responsable de processar les recompenses i la motivaci\u00f3. Respon d\u2019una manera diferent a les experi\u00e8ncies positives i negatives, i actua com un element clau per equilibrar entre l\u2019excitaci\u00f3 i la inhibici\u00f3 segons cada situaci\u00f3 concreta.\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

La classificaci\u00f3 dels est\u00edmuls configura les nostres accions (<\/span>comportaments motivats<\/span><\/i>) i determina l\u2019esfor\u00e7 que fem per obtenir o evitar determinats est\u00edmuls: \u00abDe fet, la manera en qu\u00e8 el nostre cervell classifica aquesta informaci\u00f3 \u00e9s crucial per al nostre comportament quotidi\u00e0\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quins descobriments has fet fins ara?\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/h3>\n

\u00abLa nostra investigaci\u00f3 sobre el nucli accumbens va donar resultats molt interessants: en comptes de codificar els sentiments positius i negatius en les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules cerebrals individuals, aquest proc\u00e9s es duu a terme en aquesta regi\u00f3 mitjan\u00e7ant una codificaci\u00f3 col\u00b7lectiva utilitzant grups de neurones. I aix\u00f2 encara \u00e9s m\u00e9s fascinant si tenim en compte que la representaci\u00f3 d\u2019aquests est\u00edmuls canvia din\u00e0micament amb el temps, al llarg de minuts o dies, la qual cosa fa m\u00e9s complexa la comprensi\u00f3 del fenomen\u00bb, explica. \u00abSorprenentment\u00bb, afegeix, \u00abels dos grups principals de neurones que trobem en aquesta regi\u00f3 treballen conjuntament i al mateix temps, i no de maneres oposades com es creia fins ara\u00bb. Dins de cada grup, es produeixen respostes de diversos tipus, cosa que posa en relleu la necessitat de desenvolupar noves eines per identificar i estudiar amb precisi\u00f3 aquestes respostes.<\/span><\/p>\n

A llarg termini, com podr\u00edem utilitzar aquests coneixements? A quin tipus de nous tractaments poden donar lloc?<\/b><\/h3>\n

\u00abAquest projecte \u00e9s fonamental per comprendre els processos cerebrals subjacents als comportaments motivats, la qual cosa \u00e9s essencial per augmentar la nostra comprensi\u00f3 sobre les preses de decisions que fem di\u00e0riament.\u00bb<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00ab<\/span>En el futur, aquests descobriments poden contribuir a la comprensi\u00f3 dels mecanismes responsables de trastorns com la depressi\u00f3 i l\u2019addicci\u00f3, en qu\u00e8 \u00e9s evident que hi ha una disfunci\u00f3 del nucli accumbens. A llarg pla\u00e7, el potencial terap\u00e8utic d\u2019aquests coneixements \u00e9s enorme i ofereix l\u2019esperan\u00e7a de trobar nous enfocaments per abordar els reptes en salut mental als quals ens enfrontem\u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cada dia, el nostre cervell s\u2019enfronta a una allau d\u2019est\u00edmuls procedents del m\u00f3n exterior. Enmig d\u2019aquest bombardeig es manifesta una de les caracter\u00edstiques m\u00e9s impressionants de l\u2019evoluci\u00f3 del cervell: la capacitat d\u2019ordenar una gran quantitat d\u2019informaci\u00f3 i de centrar-se en el que \u00e9s emocionalment important. \u00c9s un proc\u00e9s que es pot comparar amb un mecanisme intern de classificaci\u00f3, mitjan\u00e7ant el qual el cervell assigna un \u00absegell\u00bb positiu o negatiu als diferents est\u00edmuls.<\/p>\n

Per\u00f2, com aconsegueix el nostre cervell portar a terme aquesta maniobra de classificaci\u00f3?<\/p>\n

Durant la Setmana Mundial del Cervell, entrevistem la investigadora CaixaResearch Ana Jo\u00e3o Rodrigues<\/a>, de l\u2019Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Vida e Sa\u00fade (ICVS) de la Universidade do Minho (Portugal).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[519,340],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-investigacio","category-sense-categoria"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nComprendre la neurobiologia de la presa de decisions - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/comprendre-la-neurobiologia-de-la-presa-de-decisions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Comprendre la neurobiologia de la presa de decisions - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"  Cada dia, el nostre cervell s\u2019enfronta a una allau d\u2019est\u00edmuls procedents del m\u00f3n exterior. 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