{"id":2483,"date":"2014-03-20T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-03-20T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/?p=2483"},"modified":"2020-05-05T08:34:44","modified_gmt":"2020-05-05T08:34:44","slug":"els-fenomens-meteorologics-han-influit-i-influeixen-les-societats-humanes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/els-fenomens-meteorologics-han-influit-i-influeixen-les-societats-humanes\/","title":{"rendered":"Els fen\u00f2mens meteorol\u00f2gics han influ\u00eft, i influeixen, les societats humanes"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

Per Jordi Mazon<\/strong>. Professor al Departament de F\u00edsica Aplicada de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), especialista en meteorologia i autor de diversos llibres de divulgaci\u00f3 sobre el tema.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Oratge. Fotografia: Wikimedia Commons.<\/span><\/p>\n

Els episodis meteorol\u00f2gics extrems han afectat la societat i el medi natural. La din\u00e0mica atmosf\u00e8rica t\u00e9 un paper destacable en episodis hist\u00f2rics i fets reals curiosos. Per\u00f2, qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l’atmosfera? El nostre planeta cont\u00e9 un embolcall de gasos, nitrogen i oxigen principalment, que s’est\u00e9n fins als 10.000 quil\u00f2metres d’al\u00e7ada, tot i que \u00e9s dif\u00edcil i discutible establir aquest l\u00edmit superior. Tanmateix, el 99% de la massa de l’atmosfera es concentra en els primers 30 km. La major part dels gasos i les part\u00edcules que formen l’atmosfera se situen en la primera desena de quil\u00f2metres i es concentren sobretot en els primers 3.000 metres. Els fen\u00f2mens meteorol\u00f2gics es produeixen i desenvolupen en l’anomenada troposfera, la primera de les quatre capes en qu\u00e8 es classifica l’atmosfera, que arriba fins a uns 18 km a la zona equatorial i uns 8 km a les polars. Una capa molt prima, i fr\u00e0gil. Els n\u00favols i la diversitat de fen\u00f2mens meteorol\u00f2gics, aix\u00ed com totes les emissions antr\u00f2piques, es troben confinats en aquesta capa.<\/p>\n

Tota aquesta gran columna de gasos exerceix una for\u00e7a enorme sobre la superf\u00edcie terrestre. Imagineu una plataforma d’un metre quadrat, sobre la qual posem un sac de patates de 100 kg, de manera que la massa d’aquest sac quedi repartida uniformement per tota la superf\u00edcie. Hi posar\u00edeu el peu, sota aquesta superf\u00edcie? Segurament no. La for\u00e7a que exerceix el sac de patates \u00e9s el seu pes, corresponent a 980 N (1 N \u00e9s la unitat de for\u00e7a en el sistema internacional de mesures). Doncs b\u00e9, si aquesta for\u00e7a ja us sembla gran perqu\u00e8 el peu la pugui suportar sense problemes, no us creureu quina \u00e9s la que exerceix l’aire sobre aquest mateix metre quadrat: 101.300 N! M\u00e9s de 100 vegades superior a la del sac de patates. No ho sembla, oi?<\/p>\n

La variaci\u00f3 d’aquesta enorme for\u00e7a atmosf\u00e8rica en punts diferents de la superf\u00edcie terrestre genera el moviment de l’aire i l’inici dels fen\u00f2mens meteorol\u00f2gics, que tant han influ\u00eft, i influeixen, les societats humanes. A m\u00e9s, el temps atmosf\u00e8ric afecta les persones. Per exemple, quan bufa el Foehn a Su\u00efssa els crims i robatoris s’incrementen, fins al punt que la legislaci\u00f3 su\u00efssa preveu un atenuant a les penes quan alguns delictes es produeixen sota aquest vent c\u00e0lid i eixut. I tamb\u00e9 afecta els animals i les plantes: els peixos piquen m\u00e9s quan baixa la pressi\u00f3 i neden a prop de la superf\u00edcie per trobar oxigen; les ales de les mosques absorbeixen la humitat de l’aire quan s’acosten pluges i, com que pesen m\u00e9s, es mostren m\u00e9s aturades i pesades; les aranyes es mouen nervioses per la teranyina, ja que aquesta \u00e9s tamb\u00e9 higrosc\u00f2pica. I determinades flors i vegetals s’obren en un ambient eixut, mentre que es tanquen en un ambient humit.<\/p>\n

Si voleu saber m\u00e9s sobre meteorologia, CosmoCaixa Barcelona celebrar\u00e0 les jornades MeteoCat 2014<\/a> amb motiu del Dia Meteorol\u00f2gic Mundial<\/a> els propers 22 i 23 de mar\u00e7. A m\u00e9s, en el marc d’aquestes jornades, impartir\u00e9 dos tallers a CosmoCaixa per explicar la f\u00edsica de l’atmosfera en experiments low cost<\/em>, on explicarem tot aix\u00f2 i molt m\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Web Meteo.cat<\/a><\/p>\n

Agencia estatal de meteorolog\u00eda<\/a><\/p>\n

Llibre: Que plour\u00e0 avui? Totes les claus per entendre el temps atmosf\u00e8ric<\/em>, per Jordi Mazon. Ed. UB (2012)<\/a><\/p>\n

Llibre: 100 q\u00fcestions per entendre l’atmosfera<\/em>, per Jordi Mazon i Marcel Costa. Cosset\u00e0nia Ed. (2008)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

Per Jordi Mazon. Professor al Departament de F\u00edsica Aplicada de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), especialista en meteorologia i autor de diversos llibres de divulgaci\u00f3 sobre el tema.\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Oratge. Fotografia: Wikimedia Commons.<\/p>\n

Els episodis meteorol\u00f2gics extrems han afectat la societat i el medi natural. La din\u00e0mica atmosf\u00e8rica t\u00e9 un paper destacable en episodis hist\u00f2rics i fets reals curiosos. Per\u00f2, qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l’atmosfera? El nostre planeta cont\u00e9 un embolcall de gasos, nitrogen i oxigen principalment, que s’est\u00e9n fins als 10.000 quil\u00f2metres d’al\u00e7ada, tot i que \u00e9s dif\u00edcil i discutible establir aquest l\u00edmit superior. Tanmateix, el 99% de la massa de l’atmosfera es concentra en els primers 30 km.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2644,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[520],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-divulgacio-cientifica"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEls fen\u00f2mens meteorol\u00f2gics han influ\u00eft, i influeixen, les societats humanes - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/els-fenomens-meteorologics-han-influit-i-influeixen-les-societats-humanes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Els fen\u00f2mens meteorol\u00f2gics han influ\u00eft, i influeixen, les societats humanes - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Per Jordi Mazon. Professor al Departament de F\u00edsica Aplicada de la Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya (UPC), especialista en meteorologia i autor de diversos llibres de divulgaci\u00f3 sobre el tema.\u00a0 Oratge. Fotografia: Wikimedia Commons. Els episodis meteorol\u00f2gics extrems han afectat la societat i el medi natural. La din\u00e0mica atmosf\u00e8rica t\u00e9 un paper destacable en episodis hist\u00f2rics i fets reals curiosos. Per\u00f2, qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l’atmosfera? El nostre planeta cont\u00e9 un embolcall de gasos, nitrogen i oxigen principalment, que s’est\u00e9n fins als 10.000 quil\u00f2metres d’al\u00e7ada, tot i que \u00e9s dif\u00edcil i discutible establir aquest l\u00edmit superior. 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