{"id":2183,"date":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-10-25T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/?p=2183"},"modified":"2020-05-13T11:18:49","modified_gmt":"2020-05-13T11:18:49","slug":"ben-a-prop-de-la-medicina-de-la-microbiota","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/ben-a-prop-de-la-medicina-de-la-microbiota\/","title":{"rendered":"Ben a prop de la medicina de la microbiota"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Imatge: Jordi Cabanes\/Biocat.<\/p>\n

Per Roger Paredes<\/strong>, Servei de Malalties Infeccioses i Institut de Recerca de la SIDA IrsiCaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s ben conegut que la microbiota, \u00e9s a dir, els milions de microorganismes que habiten el nostre cos de manera fisiol\u00f2gica, \u00e9s cabdal per a la nostra salut. Aquests microbis ajuden a desenvolupar el sistema immunitari dels nadons, mantenen un est\u00edmul constant sobre el sistema immunitari de l\u2019adult i duen a terme funcions metab\u00f2liques fonamentals per al processament d\u2019aliments i l\u2019obtenci\u00f3 de nutrients. La composici\u00f3 i funci\u00f3 d\u2019aquesta microbiota es pot alterar davant la presa continuada d\u2019antibi\u00f2tics, determinades dietes i el deteriorament del sistema immunitari o immunodepressi\u00f3. En el darrer cicle de The Barcelona Debates on Human Microbiome 2017. From Microbes to Medicines<\/strong><\/a>, organitzat per B-Debate, una iniciativa de Biocat<\/a> i la Fundaci\u00f3 Banc\u00e0ria \u201dla Caixa\u201d liderada per l\u2019Institut de Recerca de la Sida IrsiCaixa<\/a> i que es va celebrar a CosmoCaixa, es van presentar treballs que mostren exemples concrets de com la microbiota s\u2019est\u00e0 convertint en una part essencial de la medicina moderna.<\/p>\n

Microbiota i VIH<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nichole Klatt, de la Universitat de Washington, va mostrar dades d\u2019un estudi publicat a Science<\/em> que demostra que la disbiosi vaginal \u2014\u00e9s a dir, el canvi des d\u2019una flora vaginal fisiol\u00f2gica amb una predominan\u00e7a de Lactobacillus<\/em> spp. a una flora amb abund\u00e0ncia d\u2019altres esp\u00e8cies com Gardnerella<\/em> spp. o Prevotella <\/em>spp.\u2014 contribueix a desprotegir les dones que prenen un microbicida vaginal amb un f\u00e0rmac anomenat tenofovir davant de la infecci\u00f3 per VIH-1, el virus causant de la sida. Aix\u00f2 passa perqu\u00e8 la Gardnerella<\/em> absorbeix el tenofovir i no deixa el f\u00e0rmac lliure al medi per bloquejar l\u2019entrada del VIH-1. Aquest estudi \u00e9s la primera evid\u00e8ncia de com la microbiota pot influir en la transmissi\u00f3 del VIH-1. A m\u00e9s, inicia una \u00e0rea de recerca que ser\u00e0 de molta import\u00e0ncia en els propers anys i que t\u00e9 a veure amb el paper que tenen els nostres microbis a l\u2019hora de metabolitzar f\u00e0rmacs.<\/p>\n

D\u2019una banda, treballs recents del Dr. Fern\u00e1ndez-Real, investigador de la Universitat de Girona, mostren que part dels efectes de la metformina, el f\u00e0rmac m\u00e9s utilitzat per tractar la diabetis de l\u2019adult, tenen lloc mitjan\u00e7ant modificacions de la microbiota intestinal, que afavoreixen la pres\u00e8ncia de bacteris m\u00e9s capa\u00e7os de metabolitzar els sucres de la dieta.<\/p>\n

D\u2019una altra, el nostre grup a IrsiCaixa va presentar dades que mostren que el microbioma intestinal es modifica a les persones infectades pel VIH-1 per tal d\u2019adaptar-se a l\u2019estr\u00e8s oxidatiu que, en aquest cas, genera la infecci\u00f3 mateixa. Aquesta adaptaci\u00f3 fa que augmentin els bacteris que s\u00f3n m\u00e9s capa\u00e7os de tolerar la pres\u00e8ncia de radicals lliures de l\u2019oxigen i el nitrogen. L\u2019adaptaci\u00f3 a l\u2019estr\u00e8s oxidatiu \u00e9s molt m\u00e9s evident a les persones que han patit un deteriorament important del sistema immunitari. A m\u00e9s, tamb\u00e9 afavoreix els increments en determinats factors de virul\u00e8ncia bacteriana i suposa canvis en el perfil de resist\u00e8ncies als antibi\u00f2tics. Un fet interessant de les nostres observacions \u00e9s que els patrons de canvi que s\u2019observen a la infecci\u00f3 per VIH s\u2019assemblen als d\u2019altres malalties on hi ha inflamaci\u00f3 de l\u2019intest\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

P\u00f2ster oficial del B-Debate de 2017 sobre microbioma hum\u00e0. Font: Biocat.<\/p>\n

Microbiota i c\u00e0ncer<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les dades que Laurence Zitvogel, de l\u2019INSERM, va presentar mostren que determinats bacteris de la microbiota intestinal s\u00f3n capa\u00e7os d\u2019estimular la resposta als nous f\u00e0rmacs immunomoduladors que s\u2019usen per tractar determinats tipus de c\u00e0ncer. Igualment, va apuntar al fet que el tractament antibi\u00f2tic podria alterar la resposta a alguns dels nous immunomoduladors del c\u00e0ncer i afectar la superviv\u00e8ncia dels pacients.<\/p>\n

Tots aquests aspectes i d\u2019altres de relacionats amb el paper de la microbiota en l\u2019envelliment saludable, les malalties neurodegeneratives com la malaltia de Parkinson, la malaltia inflamat\u00f2ria intestinal i altres aspectes de la salut humana van centrar les discussions d\u2019un esdeveniment que cada any reuneix m\u00e9s de dues-centes persones entorn la ci\u00e8ncia del microbioma i la seva translaci\u00f3 cap a la medicina del segle xxi.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Barcelona Debates on Human Microbiome 2017. From Microbes to Medicines<\/a><\/p>\n

Bilions de microorganismes colonitzen el nostre cos i preserven la nostra salut<\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

<\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Imatge: Jordi Cabanes\/Biocat.<\/p>\n

Per Roger Paredes, Servei de Malalties Infeccioses i Institut de Recerca de la SIDA IrsiCaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona.<\/p>\n

\u00c9s ben conegut que la microbiota, \u00e9s a dir, els milions de microorganismes que habiten el nostre cos de manera fisiol\u00f2gica, \u00e9s cabdal per a la nostra salut. Aquests microbis ajuden a desenvolupar el sistema immunitari dels nadons, mantenen un est\u00edmul constant sobre el sistema immunitari de l\u2019adult i duen a terme funcions metab\u00f2liques fonamentals per al processament d\u2019aliments i l\u2019obtenci\u00f3 de nutrients. La composici\u00f3 i funci\u00f3 d\u2019aquesta microbiota es pot alterar davant la presa continuada d\u2019antibi\u00f2tics, determinades dietes i el deteriorament del sistema immunitari o immunodepressi\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2811,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[519],"tags":[129,501,365,507],"class_list":["post-2183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-investigacio","tag-b-debate","tag-cancer-ca","tag-recerca","tag-vih-ca"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBen a prop de la medicina de la microbiota - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/ben-a-prop-de-la-medicina-de-la-microbiota\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ben a prop de la medicina de la microbiota - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Imatge: Jordi Cabanes\/Biocat. Per Roger Paredes, Servei de Malalties Infeccioses i Institut de Recerca de la SIDA IrsiCaixa, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona. \u00c9s ben conegut que la microbiota, \u00e9s a dir, els milions de microorganismes que habiten el nostre cos de manera fisiol\u00f2gica, \u00e9s cabdal per a la nostra salut. Aquests microbis ajuden a desenvolupar el sistema immunitari dels nadons, mantenen un est\u00edmul constant sobre el sistema immunitari de l\u2019adult i duen a terme funcions metab\u00f2liques fonamentals per al processament d\u2019aliments i l\u2019obtenci\u00f3 de nutrients. 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