La import\u00e0ncia de diagnosticar abans dels primers s\u00edmptomes - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/la-importancia-de-diagnosticar-abans-dels-primers-simptomes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La import\u00e0ncia de diagnosticar abans dels primers s\u00edmptomes - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Post del Dr. Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda de la Torre Hern\u00e1ndez, investigador de l\u2019Hospital Universitari Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (Santander) i de l\u2019IDIVAL, l\u2019Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Valdecilla. L\u2019estenosi a\u00f2rtica calcificada (EA) \u00e9s la tercera malaltia cardiovascular m\u00e9s freq\u00fcent en els pa\u00efsos desenvolupats, despr\u00e9s de la malaltia coron\u00e0ria i la hipertensi\u00f3 arterial, amb una prevalen\u00e7a del 0,4 % en la poblaci\u00f3 general i de l\u20191,7 % en la poblaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s gran de 65 anys. Es caracteritza per un engruiximent progressiu i una calcificaci\u00f3 de les valves de la v\u00e0lvula a\u00f2rtica que, amb el transcurs dels anys, evoluciona i causa una obstrucci\u00f3 greu a la sortida de sang del cor cap a l\u2019aorta. 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Post del <\/span>Dr. Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda de la Torre Hern\u00e1ndez<\/strong>, investigador de l\u2019Hospital Universitari Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (Santander) i de l\u2019IDIVAL, l\u2019Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Valdecilla.<\/p>\n

L\u2019<\/span>estenosi a\u00f2rtica calcificada (EA)<\/strong> \u00e9s la tercera malaltia cardiovascular m\u00e9s freq\u00fcent<\/strong> en els pa\u00efsos desenvolupats, despr\u00e9s de la malaltia coron\u00e0ria i la hipertensi\u00f3 arterial, amb una prevalen\u00e7a del 0,4 % en la poblaci\u00f3 general i de l\u20191,7 % en la poblaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s gran de 65 anys.<\/p>\n

$\"\"$ <\/p>\n

Els s\u00edmptomes normalment no es presenten fins que l\u2019obertura de la v\u00e0lvula est\u00e0 afectada de forma severa. Els s\u00edmptomes cl\u00e0ssics de l\u2019EA s\u00f3n el dolor tor\u00e0cic amb esfor\u00e7 (angina), el desmai (s\u00edncope) i la fatiga amb l\u2019exercici (dispnea), per\u00f2 la identificaci\u00f3 i\/o la interpretaci\u00f3 d\u2019aquests s\u00edmptomes cl\u00ednics pot ser dif\u00edcil en pacients amb altres malalties com les respirat\u00f2ries, o en la poblaci\u00f3 anciana. Per aix\u00f2, els cardi\u00f2legs fem servir l\u2019ecocardiografia per definir l\u2019extensi\u00f3 de la calcificaci\u00f3 i el grau d\u2019afectaci\u00f3 valvular.<\/span><\/p>\n

Despr\u00e9s de l\u2019inici dels s\u00edmptomes, la superviv\u00e8ncia mitjana \u00e9s de nom\u00e9s de 2 a 3 anys amb un alt risc de mort sobtada. Aix\u00ed doncs, els pacients amb s\u00edmptomes greus d\u2019EA s\u2019han de sotmetre a una substituci\u00f3 de la v\u00e0lvula a\u00f2rtica ja sigui quir\u00fargica o per cat\u00e8ter.<\/span><\/p>\n

La gran majoria de les EA greus es detecten amb els s\u00edmptomes i, de vegades, el dany card\u00edac \u00e9s tan avan\u00e7at que el moment \u00f2ptim per a la intervenci\u00f3 pot haver passat. El repte \u00e9s poder detectar la gravetat de la malaltia abans que apareguin els primers s\u00edmptomes i, aix\u00ed, aplicar el tractament quan encara no s\u2019ha produ\u00eft dany sobre altres estructures card\u00edaques.<\/span><\/p>\n

A m\u00e9s, l\u2019EA \u00e9s una afectaci\u00f3 multifac\u00e8tica i complexa que tamb\u00e9 inclou trastorns en el grau de compli\u00e0ncia de l\u2019aorta i alteracions de la funci\u00f3 i la geometria del ventricle esquerre.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u2019objectiu del projecte <\/span>\u201cLa caracteritzaci\u00f3 integrada per l\u2019estenosi a\u00f2rtica calcificada canviar\u00e0 les estrat\u00e8gies del tractament\u201d, coordinat per Elazer R. Edelman, del MIT, i per Tamara Garc\u00eda Camarero, Gabriela Veiga Fern\u00e1ndez i jo mateix, de l\u2019Hospital Universitari Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla<\/a> de Santander, \u00e9s trobar un diagn\u00f2stic preco\u00e7 a l\u2019ELA. Per fer-ho tenim el suport de \u201dla Caixa\u201d<\/a> a trav\u00e9s de la primera\u00a0 convocat\u00f2ria MIT-Spain \u201dla Caixa\u201d Foundation Seed Fund<\/a><\/span>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u2019estrat\u00e8gia que seguim \u00e9s la caracteritzaci\u00f3 de forma integrada i mitjan\u00e7ant l\u2019\u00fas de par\u00e0metres fisiopatol\u00f2gics de l\u2019estenosi a\u00f2rtica que m\u00e9s es beneficia del tractament substitutiu, la qual cosa permetria una indicaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s \u00f2ptima del moment de la intervenci\u00f3 i relativament independent dels s\u00edmptomes concrets de cada pacient.<\/span><\/p>\n

La nostra recerca es basa en la hip\u00f2tesi que la interacci\u00f3 entre els components principals que governen la circulaci\u00f3 sangu\u00ednia \u2013com s\u00f3n el ventricle esquerre, la v\u00e0lvula a\u00f2rtica i el sistema arterial\u2013 defineix amb m\u00e9s precisi\u00f3 l\u2019estat del pacient amb EA. En definitiva, l\u2019objectiu \u00e9s avan\u00e7ar-nos als s\u00edmptomes i al dany, de vegades irreversible, indu\u00eft per l\u2019EA i, aix\u00ed, intervenir en el moment m\u00e9s oport\u00fa per a cada pacient.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

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Post del Dr. Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda de la Torre Hern\u00e1ndez, investigador de l\u2019Hospital Universitari Marqu\u00e9s de Valdecilla (Santander) i de l\u2019IDIVAL, l\u2019Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 Sanit\u00e0ria Valdecilla.<\/p>\n

L\u2019estenosi a\u00f2rtica calcificada (EA) \u00e9s la tercera malaltia cardiovascular m\u00e9s freq\u00fcent en els pa\u00efsos desenvolupats, despr\u00e9s de la malaltia coron\u00e0ria i la hipertensi\u00f3 arterial, amb una prevalen\u00e7a del 0,4 % en la poblaci\u00f3 general i de l\u20191,7 % en la poblaci\u00f3 m\u00e9s gran de 65 anys.<\/p>\n