{"id":1971,"date":"2019-11-21T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-11-21T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/?p=1971"},"modified":"2020-05-05T08:30:44","modified_gmt":"2020-05-05T08:30:44","slug":"una-bala-magica-contra-la-leucemia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/una-bala-magica-contra-la-leucemia\/","title":{"rendered":"Una bala m\u00e0gica contra la leuc\u00e8mia"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\n

Una alteraci\u00f3 en la producci\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sangu\u00ednies. El seu nombre creix sense control, ocupen la medul\u00b7la dels ossos i, finalment, surten al torrent sanguini. Aix\u00ed \u00e9s com es pot detectar la leuc\u00e8mia en una an\u00e0lisi de sang.<\/span><\/p>\n

$\"\"$ <\/span><\/p>\n

El 2019, els nous casos de leuc\u00e8mia diagnosticats a Espanya superaran els 6.400 \u2013segons les dades d\u2019un <\/span>informe<\/a> presentat per la Societat Espanyola d\u2019Oncologia M\u00e8dica\u2013, una xifra que ha anat en augment durant els \u00faltims anys.<\/p>\n

No obstant aix\u00f2, la superviv\u00e8ncia de les persones amb leuc\u00e8mia ha augmentat significativament gr\u00e0cies a la tasca de centres com l\u2019Institut de Recerca contra la Leuc\u00e8mia Josep Carreras (<\/span>IJC<\/a>). Aquest centre sense precedents, que t\u00e9 el suport de \u201dla Caixa\u201d des de l\u2019inici, acull investigadors d\u2019arreu del m\u00f3n amb l\u2019objectiu de posar fi a les malalties oncol\u00f2giques de la sang.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Parlem seu director Manel Esteller, investigador ICREA i catedr\u00e0tic de Gen\u00e8tica de la Universitat de Barcelona, qui tamb\u00e9 lidera un projecte d’epigen\u00e8tica i immunoter\u00e0pia del c\u00e0ncer finan\u00e7at per “la Caixa”.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> <strong>Encertar el blanc, el secret de la lluita contra el c\u00e0ncer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> <span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c170a1de-7fff-5666-2199-74c2335fc75a\">Es coneixen molts tipus de leuc\u00e8mies. De fet, la seva classificaci\u00f3 en \u201cnom i cognoms\u201d, segons el tipus de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules que les inicien i de les alteracions moleculars i\/o gen\u00e8tiques que pugui presentar la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula, permet desenvolupar tractaments espec\u00edfics. \u201cEn el cas de la leuc\u00e8mia mieloide cr\u00f2nica, com que tenim una lesi\u00f3 definida i un f\u00e0rmac adequat, hem aconseguit superviv\u00e8ncies d\u2019un 90 %, un percentatge veritablement il\u00b7lusionant\u201d, comenta Esteller.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> <span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c170a1de-7fff-5666-2199-74c2335fc75a\">La leuc\u00e8mia mieloide cr\u00f2nica (LMC) representa al voltant del 20 % de totes les leuc\u00e8mies i est\u00e0 causada per una mutaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica: la formaci\u00f3 d\u2019un gen anormal, un oncogen anomenat BCR-ABL. Aquesta alteraci\u00f3 dona com a resultat la formaci\u00f3 del cromosoma Filadelfia, una anomalia del cromosoma 22 en la qual aquest rep part del cromosoma 9. \u201cCom que aquesta lesi\u00f3 nom\u00e9s es troba a la c\u00e8l\u00b7lula tumoral, el f\u00e0rmac que hi dirigim t\u00e9 molt pocs efectes secundaris\u201d, explica el director de l\u2019IJC. Aquest tipus de tractament bloqueja el creixement i la disseminaci\u00f3 de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules canceroses, va ser considerat \u201cla primera bala m\u00e0gica contra el c\u00e0ncer\u201d, afegeix.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> <span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c170a1de-7fff-5666-2199-74c2335fc75a\">Per\u00f2 no tots els c\u00e0ncers tenen els mateixos blancs i, desgraciadament, en molt poques ocasions hi ha una lesi\u00f3 \u00fanica. Si b\u00e9, sovint, \u00e9s una mutaci\u00f3 determinada la que inicia l\u2019acumulaci\u00f3 d\u2019esdeveniments que, com en un joc de d\u00f2mino, es van succeint un rere l\u2019altre.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> <strong>Dianes terap\u00e8utiques per a la immunoter\u00e0pia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> <span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c170a1de-7fff-5666-2199-74c2335fc75a\">Per a cada tipus de c\u00e0ncer, i fins i tot per a cada tipus de pacient, \u201csi identifiquem els l\u00edders de el proc\u00e9s, ser\u00e0 m\u00e9s f\u00e0cil desactivar aquest proc\u00e9s tumoral\u201d, afirma Manel Esteller. De fet, aquests blancs, o dianes terap\u00e8utiques, es poden atacar tamb\u00e9 des de l\u2019epigen\u00e8tica, \u00e9s a dir, des de l\u2019estudi dels mecanismes que regulen l\u2019expressi\u00f3 dels gens. I aix\u00f2 \u00e9s, precisament, el que fa Esteller amb el suport de \u201dla Caixa\u201d. Investiguem \u201ccom fer servir l\u2019epigen\u00e8tica com a biomarcador de resposta a la immunoter\u00e0pia i com f\u00e0rmacs epigen\u00e8tics poden actuar sin\u00e8rgicament per millorar l\u2019efic\u00e0cia del tractament immune dels tumors\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> <span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c170a1de-7fff-5666-2199-74c2335fc75a\">Dins d\u2019aquest projecte, fa just una setmana que el grup d\u2019Esteller publicava a la revista Leukemia <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.carrerasresearch.org\/ca\/c%C3%A8l-lules-de-leuc%C3%A8mia-es-transformen-en-un-altre-tipus-cel-lular-no-cancer%C3%B3s-per-canvis-epigen%C3%A8tics_134743\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">un estudi<\/a> que descriu els canvis epigen\u00e8tics associats a la transdiferenciaci\u00f3, \u201cun proc\u00e9s cel\u00b7lular que fan servir alguns tumors s\u00f2lids i l\u00edquids per tornar-se resistents a la immunoter\u00e0pia\u201d, explica. No obstant aix\u00f2, aquesta mateixa habilitat per transformar-se la van fer servir els investigadors per convertir una c\u00e8l\u00b7lula leuc\u00e8mica de tipus B en una de no cancerosa.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> <span id=\"docs-internal-guid-c170a1de-7fff-5666-2199-74c2335fc75a\">Amb aquestes recerques, Esteller i el seu equip de l\u2019IJC volen comprendre millor els mecanismes biol\u00f2gics de leuc\u00e8mies i limfomes, per al desenvolupament de nous diagn\u00f2stics i ter\u00e0pies. \u201cAquesta recerca, a m\u00e9s, ens pot servir per a tot tipus de tumors, m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 dels tumors l\u00edquids\u201d, conclou Esteller. La meta \u00e9s, doncs, trobar la bala m\u00e0gica (o les bales m\u00e0giques) per a cada tipus de tumor i pacient.<\/span><\/p>\n<div> \u00a0<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><\/body><\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> Una alteraci\u00f3 en la producci\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sangu\u00ednies. El seu nombre creix sense control, ocupen la medul\u00b7la dels ossos i, finalment, surten al torrent sanguini. Aix\u00ed \u00e9s com es pot detectar la leuc\u00e8mia en una an\u00e0lisi de sang.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/CAT400_CARD_Leucemia2812928129.jpg\" style=\"width: 400px; height: 400px;\"\/><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> El 2019, els nous casos de leuc\u00e8mia diagnosticats a Espanya superaran els 6.400 \u2013segons les dades d\u2019un <a href=\"https:\/\/seom.org\/dmcancer\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/Informe-SEOM-cifras-cancer-2019.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">informe<\/a> presentat per la Societat Espanyola d\u2019Oncologia M\u00e8dica\u2013, una xifra que ha anat en augment durant els \u00faltims anys.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"> No obstant aix\u00f2, la superviv\u00e8ncia de les persones amb leuc\u00e8mia ha augmentat significativament gr\u00e0cies a la tasca de centres com l\u2019Institut de Recerca contra la Leuc\u00e8mia Josep Carreras (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.carrerasresearch.org\/ca\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">IJC<\/a>).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3143,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[519],"tags":[36,55,56],"class_list":["post-1971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-investigacio","tag-cancer","tag-epigenetica","tag-leucemia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Una bala m\u00e0gica contra la leuc\u00e8mia - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/una-bala-magica-contra-la-leucemia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Una bala m\u00e0gica contra la leuc\u00e8mia - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Una alteraci\u00f3 en la producci\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sangu\u00ednies. El seu nombre creix sense control, ocupen la medul\u00b7la dels ossos i, finalment, surten al torrent sanguini. Aix\u00ed \u00e9s com es pot detectar la leuc\u00e8mia en una an\u00e0lisi de sang. El 2019, els nous casos de leuc\u00e8mia diagnosticats a Espanya superaran els 6.400 \u2013segons les dades d\u2019un informe presentat per la Societat Espanyola d\u2019Oncologia M\u00e8dica\u2013, una xifra que ha anat en augment durant els \u00faltims anys. No obstant aix\u00f2, la superviv\u00e8ncia de les persones amb leuc\u00e8mia ha augmentat significativament gr\u00e0cies a la tasca de centres com l\u2019Institut de Recerca contra la Leuc\u00e8mia Josep Carreras (IJC).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/una-bala-magica-contra-la-leucemia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-11-21T00:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-05-05T08:30:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/CAT400_CARD_Leucemia2812928129.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"La Caixa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrit per\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"La Caixa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Temps estimat de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minuts\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/una-bala-magica-contra-la-leucemia\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/una-bala-magica-contra-la-leucemia\/\",\"name\":\"Una bala m\u00e0gica contra la leuc\u00e8mia - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/una-bala-magica-contra-la-leucemia\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/una-bala-magica-contra-la-leucemia\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/CAT400_CARD_Leucemia2812928129.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-11-21T00:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-05-05T08:30:44+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/#\/schema\/person\/c4ed33a98e6581c876664e7035da245a\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/una-bala-magica-contra-la-leucemia\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/una-bala-magica-contra-la-leucemia\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/CAT400_CARD_Leucemia2812928129.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/CAT400_CARD_Leucemia2812928129.jpg\",\"width\":400,\"height\":400},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/\",\"name\":\"Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ca\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/#\/schema\/person\/c4ed33a98e6581c876664e7035da245a\",\"name\":\"La Caixa\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ca\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d49b93050814699a8c78e1e6223735d5?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d49b93050814699a8c78e1e6223735d5?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"La Caixa\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/author\/caixaciencialamagnetica-net\/\"}]}<\/script>\n","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Una bala m\u00e0gica contra la leuc\u00e8mia - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/blog.caixaresearch.org\/ca\/una-bala-magica-contra-la-leucemia\/","og_locale":"ca_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"Una bala m\u00e0gica contra la leuc\u00e8mia - Blog CaixaCi\u00e8ncia","og_description":"Una alteraci\u00f3 en la producci\u00f3 de c\u00e8l\u00b7lules sangu\u00ednies. 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